How to make a fractal antenna for hdtv dtv plus more on. Directivity is a ratio of maximum radiated to radiate by reference antenna. For example, a quarter wavelength monopole can be transformed into a similarly shorter antenna by the koch. Design of koch fractal antenna for wireless applications ijert. Abstract this paper presents the design of koch fractal antenna for wireless applications. Entropy free fulltext entropy and fractal antennas html. The setup of h tree fractal allows obtaining lower resonant frequencies, more 6db bandwidths, more resonant frequencies and important gains compared to most previous works. Printed circuit fractal loops the printed circuit fractal loop antenna is designed to achieve u ltra wideband or multiple wideba nd performance and significantly reduce the antenna dimensions. Download and print antenna template print out one copy each of part 1 and part 2 of the. Hf fractal antennas offer a very compact size, a good performance and a large bandwidth, but are very unusual aerials. The two iterative circular fractal antenna have been designed and simulated with.
In the brief study of fractal antennas for this report, i have found hundreds of papers, dozens of patents. Pdf fractal koch dipole antenna for digital tv application. Multiband cross dipole antenna based on the triangular and. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field of fractal antenna engineering, with particular emphasis placed on the theory and design of fractal arrays.
Compact pifa antenna with htree fractal for mobile. To obtain a peano antenna with desired performance, the above factors need to be. One of them is the possibility to enclose in a finite area an. In section iii, the fractal monopole koch antenna is described and its input parameters are shown. Hence, half wavelength dipole antenna using fractal koch curve technique was designed in order to miniaturize the antenna height with a given total surface area or volume. It has been found that the new antenna has achieved 43. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field of fractal antenna engineering, with particular emphasis placed on the. Fractal antenna theory uses a modern fractal geometry that is a natural extension of euclidian geometry. In its property of coming arbitrarily close to every point of its bounding rectangle, it also resembles a spacefilling curve, although it is not itself a curve. It might just kill the tower biz if a practical hf fractal design can be worked up. Resonant frequency calculation and optimal design of peano.
Ham radio fractal antennas category is a curation of 11 web resources on, w1yw fractal antennas, fractal quad for 28 mhz band, fractal antenna for ham radio bands. The resonant frequency used for designing the antenna is 2. Fractals a fractal is a rough or fragmented geometric shape that can be subdivided in parts. The fractal antenna not only has a large effective length, but the contours of its shape can generate a capacitance or inductance that can help to match the antenna to the circuit. Cpwfed htree fractal antenna for wlan, wimax, rfid, cband. Design of circular fractal antenna for dual band and uwb. Aug 26, 2016 that said, one example of a simple fractal antenna is the logperiodic, whose elements are scaled from back to front in a manner that allows continuous transmit and receive coverage for a wide slice of spectrum, for example from 7. On the basis of simulation results, the h shaped fractal antenna for. A fractal antenna is an antenna that uses a fractal, selfsimilar design to maximize the length, or increase the perimeter on inside sections or the outer structure, of material that can receive or transmit electromagnetic signals within a given total surface area or volume.
Iteration 2 of the evolution from bowtie to fractal antenna. Mandelbrot 20 november 1924 14 october 2010 a polishborn, french and american mathematician, noted for developing a. Firstly, the h shaped fractal antenna for 125 and 500. Height above the ground h these are design parameters of antenna. Feed to antenna is given coaxial feed at feed point 11, 9, 0. This antenna has low profile, lightweight and easy to be fabricated and has successfully demonstrated wideband characteristics. According to our investigation, the web does not offer much information on. Design and analysis of fractal antennas for wideband. Fractal antennas uses a fractal design to maximize the perimeter of the material that can receive and transmit electromagnetic radiation within a given total surface area or volume. It was observed that a compact hilbert curve fractal antenna performs well at the desired frequency of operation. Antenna designers are always looking to come up with new ideas to push the envelope for antennas, using a smaller volume while striving for every higher bandwidth and antenna gain. It is so called because its repeating pattern resembles the letter h.
One proposed method of increasing bandwidth or shrinking antenna size is via the use of fractal geometry, which gives rise to fractal antennas. It gives better performance in return loss, vswr and directivity and can be used in the wifi. The h tree is an example of a fractal canopy, in which the angle between neighboring line segments is always 180 degrees. The idea behind the use of koch fractal antenna is to achieve multiband, wideband and size miniaturization. Working of rhombic antenna by properly selecting the tilt angle, the rhombic antenna will give additive effect of radiation pattern of each long wire antenna the radiation mechanism is basically depends on two factors. Many objects, including antennas, can be designed using the recursive nature of a fractal. The performance of the proposed circular fractal antenna is estimated using parametric studies of different fractal iterations, radius r1 of ground plane, various ground plane structures and. Feb 04, 2015 chip cohen w1yw n1ir one of the first to implement fractals in antenna modelling, patented the design and founded the fractal antenna systems company. How to make a fractal antenna for hdtv dtv plus more on the. Chip cohen w1yw n1ir one of the first to implement fractals in antenna modelling, patented the design and founded the fractal antenna systems company. Sridevi3 abstractin this paper, the design of crown circular shaped fractal microstrip patch antenna is presented. Iteration 1 of the evolution from bowtie to fractal antenna.
Design and analysis of fractal antennas for wideband applications. Design, characteristics and application nemanja poprzen1, mico gacanovic2 4 3 n lenghtkoch. Malek school of computer and communication engineering university malaysia perlis unimap kangar, perlis, malaysia abstractthe design of a novel fractal planar inverted f antenna. In theory you could make a 80 meter antenna very small, tiny even, compared to most 80 meter antennas used today. A fractal antenna is an antenna that uses a fractal, selfsimilar design to maximize the effective length, or increase the perimeter on inside sections or the outer structure, of material that can receive or transmit electromagnetic radiation within a given total surface area or volume. Any thoughts or designs on a practical fractal antenna for hf work. Fractal is a concept which is being implemented in m icro strip antenna to have better characteristics than micro strip antenna.
Fractal recursion with arraylist of objects koch curve the nature of code duration. Isbell and raymond duhamel individual componentsdipoles length and spacing of elements of lpa increase logarithmically from 1 end to the other z and r characteristics that are regularly repetitive as a logarithmic function of the excitation. The fractal antenna is designed and simulated using ansys hfss 14. Design of circular fractal antenna for dual band and uwb applications s. Visualization of the modeled cross fractal dipole antenna geometry the reflection coefficient of the proposed antenna is shown in figure 5. Cpwfed htree fractal antenna for wlan, wimax, rfid, c. The first fractal antenna is based on the koch curve geometry. Fractal antenna suggests some attractive solutions for using single small antenna needed for different frequency bands multiband operation size, area and mass reduction miniaturization the effective length of the antenna can be increased keeping the total area same 6. It has hausdorff dimension 2, and comes arbitrarily close to every point in a rectangle. Mandelbrot 20 november 1924 14 october 2010 a polishborn, french and american mathematician, noted for developing a theory of roughness in. Analysis of fractal antenna was done by using the software named cst microwave studio suite 12.
Compact pifa antenna with htree fractal for mobile handset. In fractal geometry, the h tree, or tbranching, is a fractal tree structure constructed from perpendicular line segments, each smaller by a factor of the square root of 2 from the next larger adjacent segment. Fractal antennas can take on various shapes and forms. We then repeat that same process on each triangle this is the iteration method that will give rise to the fractal.
The miniaturization in the antenna size is achieved by introducing the h tree fractal. Fractal koch dipole antenna for digital tv application. In this report, attention is called to this developing, but already quite large, field of study. Design of koch fractal antenna for wireless applications. This antenna has low profile, lightweight and easy to. A fractal antenna is an antenna that uses a fractal, selfsimilar design to maximize the effective length, or increase the perimeter on inside sections or the outer structure, of material that can receive or transmit electromagnetic radiation within a given total surface area or volume such fractal antennas are also referred to as multilevel and space filling curves, but the key aspect. This paper describes the design and simulation of novel h shape fractal antenna usingcst microwave studio simulation software. The standard dipole, koch curve dipole antenna with one iteration and 2 iteration was. Ganguly, an overview of fractal antenna engineering useful references on fractal antenna engineering useful references on fractal antenna engineering research, ieee antennas and propagation magazine, vol. Both numerical and experimental results show that as the number of iterations. Iteration 2 makes for 18 total triangles that make up the antenna. Hence h shaped fractal patch antenna is obtained in which small h shaped antenna are repeated with dimension 1 mm as shown in figure 2d.
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